In 2013 a series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, erupted across Ukraine, eventually escalating into the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, which led to the establishment of a new government and pro-Russian unrest. In the 1930s millions of Ukrainians were killed by the Holodomor, a man-made famine of the Stalinist era.įollowing the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine regained independence and declared itself neutral forming a limited military partnership with the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States, while also joining the Partnership for Peace with NATO in 1994. This short-lived state was forcibly reconstituted by the Bolsheviks into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a founding member of the Soviet Union in 1922. After the Russian Revolution a Ukrainian national movement re-emerged, and formed the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. Over the next 600 years, the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. Ruthenian lands within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania enjoyed wide autonomy. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania became the de facto successor of the traditions of Kievan Rus'. After the Mongol invasion, the Kingdom of Ruthenia of the XIII-XIV centuries became the successor of Kievan Rus' on the side of modern Ukraine, which was later absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
ĭuring the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century and was destroyed by a Mongol invasion in the 13th century. The country's language is Ukrainian, and many people are also fluent in Russian. Kyiv is Ukraine's capital and largest city. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast by Belarus to the north by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west and by Romania and Moldova to the southwest with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, covering approximately 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi), and has a population of around 40 million people.
Ukraine ( Ukrainian: Україна, romanized: Ukraïna, pronounced ( listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe.
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